Corruption is one of the most vexing problems confronting us today: it causes
Notes: Higher values of Control of Corruption variable imply lower corruption. WGI stands for Worldwide Governance Indicators. Year 2018 values are shown. Source: Worldwide Governance Indicators and World Development Indicators
misallocation of resources and holds back investment, innovation, entrepreneurship, growth and productivity. It can have important distributional implications as its effects may fall more heavily on some agents than others.
At the same time, levels of corruption vary across countries, even among ones at roughly the same level of economic development (figure 1). Why is corruption higher in some places than others? Answering this can help identify what leads to corruption. This is an essential first step in designing polices aimed at curbing this undesirable practice.
Rapid Transit (BRT) project in the “Foz do Rio Itajai” metropolitan area in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The project consists in the implementation of a greenfield BRT system with a network of five BRT corridors and six priority bus lanes, which is expected to support a ridership of 525,000 passenger trips per day by 2030. The objective of this study is to: (i) review and validate existing pre-feasibility engineering studies, (ii) further develop the preliminary project design, (iii) estimate capital and operational costs; and (iv) provide technical recommendations for the subsequent phase.
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and environmentally sustainable dredging levels for key ports and shipping routes on Lake Victoria. Improving transportation on Lake Victoria is key to strengthening the Tanzanian Central Corridor, and is a priority for the Governments of Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya. The lake plays a pivotal role in connecting land-locked countries (DRC, Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi) via its shipping and railway network and is a key part of the intermodal supply chains along the Northern and Central corridor linking to Mombasa and Dar es Salaam ports. However, in recent years port infrastructure and consequently maritime operations on Lake Victoria have declined significantly.
number of investments through PPP, in particular those projects that would not require any public funding (aside from land contributions) and might generate new sources of revenues for the LGAs.
The activity would include: (i) review of existing policies and solar resources, and experience with rooftop solar PV programs globally; (ii) market assessments in the public, commercial and residential building markets; (iii) prefeasibility studies in the viable markets; and (iv) development of a roadmap, with recommendations on the policy, regulatory, institutional, programming and incentives needed to realize these markets.
GDP. Agriculture related cross-border transactions alone surpass 60 million transactions and USD 900 million in the region annually. USAID estimates that 95% these transactions are made through the physical exchange of cash. The total size of the informal payments sector in the region remains unknown. However, the types of solutions available for cross-border transactions are becoming more varied. Person to Person (P2P) remittances through digital financial services already account for USD 1.3 billion per year within East Africa.
Netherlands for the World Bank 
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