Unsustainable debt. Debt distress. Debt trap. These dire terms are once again back in the
headlines, just a decade after the global financial crisis of 2008-2009.
In the past five years alone, public debt in the poorest countries has increased from 36 percent of GDP to 51 percent of GDP. In addition, debt-service ratios in some countries are rising at an alarming pace, threatening countries’ ability to invest in much-needed infrastructure, education, health and many other needs crucial for lifting their citizens out of poverty and achieving the international community’s Sustainable Development Goals by their 2030 deadline.
Business and Financial Models by engaging with a select number of entrepreneurs, financial institutions, end-users (farmers), other stakeholders, to co-create innovative business and financial models, to help unlock the growth of the off-grid PV market in Egypt in the agriculture sector. 2) Build Capacity of Select Banks Interested in PV , by working with banks which would have stated interest in engaging directly with the market/farmers on a pilot basis. 3) Strengthening the Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Providing by providing support to 6 8 advanced PV entrepreneurs (existing solar / PV firms) with the objective of designing a program that is relevant to the needs of entrepreneurs at this level. 4) Exploring Opportunities with Early Stage Investors to support or develop early stage finance mechanism(s) to deploy capital targeting firms innovating in the off-grid PV market. 
productive environments to attract investments, increase economic efficiency, and create livable environments that prevent urban costs from rising with increased population densification. What are the central obstacles that prevent African cities and towns from becoming sustainable engines of economic growth and prosperity? Among the most critical factors that limit the growth and livability of urban areas are land markets, investments in public infrastructure and assets, and the institutions to enable both. To unleash the potential of African cities and towns for delivering services and employment in a livable and environmentally friendly environment, a sequenced approach is needed to reform institutions and policies and to target infrastructure investments. This book lays out three foundations that need fixing to guide cities and towns throughout Sub-Saharan Africa on their way to productivity and livability.
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at meetings both within the World Bank and more broadly. The issue is not just linguistic hair-splitting. Technology optimists prefer the first term and see new technologies, digitization in particular, as an opportunity for low-income developing countries to leapfrog into the 21st century. Moonshot Africa, an ambitious World Bank initiative to connect individuals, firms, and governments in Africa to fast internet is inspired by this vision. Technology pessimists on the other hand emphasize the disruptive effects digital technologies are expected to have on labor markets. Concerns about robots and algorithms replacing human labor increasingly dominate the public debate not only in advanced economies, but also in emerging and developing economies. Against this background, it is natural to ask how these two views are compatible. To be more specific: How will Moonshot Africa create jobs on a continent where job creation is needed more than anywhere else in the world with Africa’s working-age population projected to rise by 70% in the next twenty years?
opportunity, flat yields and small farms. It’s true that Africa is still producing too little food and value-added products despite recent efforts to increase investment, and that agricultural productivity has been broadly stagnant since the 1980s as shown in the 
Warning Systems (CREWS) initiative and through the CREWS initiative provides complementary technical assistance to the national hydrological and meteorological services of Mali and Niger in capacity building and institutional strengthening for national weather, water and climate services, early warning system. The World Bank is looking for a qualified consulting firm (incl. universities or similar institutions) to deliver technical assistance with this regard.
Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) has considered among the pro poor sectors. With this understanding the World Bank is extending its support through different interventions. The World Bank Group is supporting the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia to achieve its national targets set under GTP II through availing resources to different sectors and sub sectors.
Netherlands for the World Bank 
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