Article by Karin Kemper & Tahseen Sayed, www.blogs.worldbank.org
Concern about the world’s oceans is growing. Overfishing threatens fisheries, coral reefs 
are declining and disappearing, and the number of dead zones is increasing. A dearth of waste management on land results in pollutants and debris, including plastics, finding a home in the ocean.
A new World Bank report, Marine Pollution in the Caribbean: Not a Minute to Waste, analyzes the causes and offers solutions for ocean pollution in one of the world’s most popular tourist destinations, now a hotspot for marine debris, especially plastics.
In the Caribbean and around the world, plastics and other waste are more likely to end up in the oceans when waste is poorly managed, such as through open dumping, open burning, and disposal in waterways.
The marine litter found in the Caribbean comes both from the region and from northern waters, brought in by prevailing currents.
Studies have measured the concentration of plastics across the Caribbean Sea and found as many as 200,000 pieces of plastic per square kilometer in the northeastern Caribbean, according to the report.
access to safely managed water and sanitation services by 2030 will require countries to spend $150 billion per year. A fourfold increase in water supply, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) investments compared to what is spent today, this is out of reach for many countries, threatening progress on poverty eradication.
(PS) and non-point sources (NPS) impacting water quality of the Lake; (b) provide options for appropriate targeted infrastructure investments as pollution control management; and (c) provide recommendations for a Government-led integrated Lake Basin Management plan which will inform the monitoring and evaluation system during the implementation of the government’s Tourism Development Program in Lake Toba. The Consultant will also facilitate a stakeholder process to agree on the roadmap for the improvement and preservation of the water quality in Lake Toba.
greater efficiency than more traditional command-and-control approaches. However, the use of “cap and trade” mechanisms also entails overcoming a number of challenges including institutional capacity, initial allocation, and distributional equity, among others. This dicussion will focus on an innovative use of market-based mechanisms as an alternative to command-and-control regulation for controlling water pollution. Amelia Letnes from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency will discuss the lessons of the U.S. experience in applying water quality trading.
Netherlands for the World Bank 
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